Excerpt
To fully appreciate the nature of the Game Boy hardware, it's important to understand what had come before Game Boy. The idea of portable gaming certainly didn't spring full-formed into existence the day Game Boy launched. Various toy companies had been dabbling in the concept since the '70s, including Nintendo.
In fact, it's hard to say where to draw the line for the true first handheld game—which was it? The earliest portable systems hailed from toymakers, which makes a certain amount of sense; there's a pretty clear line of continuity from mechanical or gravity-powered toys to Game Boy. Nintendo itself had a lengthy history with handheld amusements. Many of those had been designed by the late Gunpei Yokoi, the R&D1 division chief who oversaw the creation of this system.
When you use a simple toy in which you try to shoot ball bearings into a hole move a plastic car across a scrolling strip of paper, you're holding the blueprint for Game Boy. The advent of inexpensive, compact electronic components eventually allowed manufacturers to cram LED lights into these devices. Then, simple circuits and LCD art. After that came legitimate computer processors. That includes the Game Boy's CPU, which was based on the processors that powered the PC revolution of the late '70s and early '80s.
As a herald of these advances, Game Boy's hardware wasn't especially impressive, even in 1989. Milton Bradley had produced the first-ever LCD-based portable to run on interchangeable cartridges back in 1979, a full decade before Game Boy's launch. Their MicroVision had been agonizingly primitive and tremendously expensive, but it helped lay the groundwork for portable consoles with interchangeable cartridges and LCD matrix screens.
Yet Microvision faltered, while Nintendo found success a couple of years later with the Game & Watch lineup. These were dedicated LCD handheld units that cost roughly the same price as an Atari game cartridge: A complete game and system in one.
The one other notable portable innovation of the '80s came from Epoch, who made a limited and ultimately short-lived effort with the Japan-only Game Pocket Computer. Similar in power and capabilities to Game Boy, the Game Pocket Computer was ultimately doomed by its extremely high cost and limited library.
The next cartridge-based handheld to enter serious production came from a Western company, Epyx, though their "Handy" portable wouldn't see light of day for nearly three years after its inception, when Atari bought it up and marketed it as Lynx. Game Boy managed to beat Lynx to retail by a matter of months, but the close release of the two systems makes for a telling study in purpose and philosophy. Game Boy ran on a puny processor and its screen looked awful compared to Lynx's illuminated, full-color offering. But those failings worked to Game Boy's advantage, allowing Nintendo to offer it for less than half the price of the Lynx—and with relatively low battery consumption, too. SEGA's Game Gear would improve on Lynx's tech in 1991, but it too would fall afoul of both its up-front cost and its high power consumption.